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1 τρίζω
τρίζω (intr. Hom., Hdt. et al., likewise Am 2:13 Aq; Is 38:14 Sym. [fut. τρίσω]) orig. ‘utter a shrill cry’, of sounds made by birds (Hom. et al.), then of a variety of sounds including creaking of mobile objects, also of teeth that grind (Epicharmus, Fgm. 21 Kaibel, Com. Gr. Fgm. p. 94, in Athen. 10, 411b), trans. in the only place where it occurs in our lit. gnash, grind τρίζειν τοὺς ὀδόντας gnash or grind the teeth (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 22, 13 [twice]; Cyranides p. 46, 5; TestSol 12:2) Mk 9:18. S. B-D-F §148, 1.—DELG. M-M. -
2 βρύκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bite, eat greedely', beside βρύχω `grind the teeth' but the distinction is not always clear (Com.)Dialectal forms: βρύκω Att. acc. to Moeris and Ammon.Derivatives: βρυγμός (Eup.); βρυκετός ταὑτὸν τῳ̃ βρυγμῳ̃, καὶ βρυκηθμὸς ὁμοίως. Δωριεῖς H.; cf. δακετόν, βρυχηθμός; - βρυκεδανός πολυφάγος... H., cf. πευκεδανός; - βρύγδην `w. clenched teeth?' (AP).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If κ in βρύκω came for γ or χ in βρῦξαι, βρύξω, βρύκω may continue *gʷrūǵ(h)ō like OCS gryzǫ, grysti `gnaw'; with ablaut Lith. gráužiu, gráužti `id.'. Cf. also Arm. krcem `gnaw' \< * kurcem (with metathese as in turc, Gen. trcoy `γνάθος'?). S. Lidén Armen. Stud. 34f. From Celtic one cites OIr. brōn `sorrow', Welsh brwyn `biting pain' (\< *brŭgnos). S. Pok. 485f. - Cf. βρῦν, βρυχάομαι, βρύχιος.Page in Frisk: 1,272-273Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βρύκω
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3 μάσταξ
μάσταξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `mouth, mouthfull, morsel' (I 324), also metaph. `locust' (S. Fr. 716, Nic.; after Clitarch. ap. EM 216, 9 Ambraciotic), because of its voracity (cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 17 f.).Derivatives: μαστάζω `chew' (Nic. Th. 918), συμ μάσταξ ( Hippiatr.), with expressive byforms: 1. μασταρύζω (v. l. - ίζω) `chew fervently, without uttering a word' (of an old man, Ar. Ach. 689); cf. μασταρίζειν μαστιχᾶσθαι. καὶ τρέμειν. η σφοδρῶς η κακῶς μασᾶσθαι H., μαστηρύζειν τὸ κακῶς μασᾶσθαι Phot.; formation like κελαρύζω, βατταρίζω etc. 2. μαστιχάω, only ptc. dat. sg. μαστιχόωντι (Hes. Sc. c389, verse-end) `from anger chew violently' = `grind the teeth, foam' (of a boar), μαστιχᾶσθαι H. s. μασταρίζειν (s. above; example ?); backformation μαστίχη f. `the resin of the mastixtree' (Com. Adesp., Thphr.) with μαστίχ-ινος (Dsc.), - ηρά f. `plaster from mastich' (Aet.; after ἐλαιηρός etc.; Chantraine Form. 232 f.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Both μάσταξ and μαστάζω, which must not belong to each other directly, go back on a τ-derivation beside the yot-present μασάομαι (from *μαθ-ι̯-?), μασ-τ- (from *μαθ-τ-?), of which the function remains unknown. With μαστάζω cf. βαστάζω, κλαστάζω (: κλά[σ]-ω) a. o. (Schwyzer 706); with the popular μάσταξ e.g. πόρταξ (: πόρτις), μύλαξ (: μύλος); on this Chantraine Form. 377ff. The in the vowel deviating μέστακα την μεμασημένην τροφήν H. has certainly no (IE) old full grade * menth-to- (since Froehde BB 7, 330), but is just folketymologically re-shaped after μεστός ('mouthfull'). So if we start from μαθ-, the word is prob. of Pre-Greek origin.See also: -- Weiteres s. μασάομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,182Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάσταξ
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4 βρύκω
βρύκω or [full] βρύχω [pron. full] [ῡ] (the former [dialect] Att. acc. to Moer. and Ammon.; the distn. βρύκωA bite, βρύχω gnash does not hold good), mostly [tense] pres.: [tense] fut.βρύξω Hp.Mul.1.2
, Lyc.678: [tense] aor.ἔβρυξα Hp. Epid.5.86
, Nic.Th. 207, al., AP7.624 (Diod.), ([etym.] ἐπ-) Archipp.35: [tense] aor. 2ἔβρῠχε AP9.252
(late, perh. [tense] impf.): for βέβρῡχα, v. βρυχάομαι: —[voice] Pass., v. infr.:—eat greedily, gobble, γνάθος ἱππείη βρύκει champs the bit, Hom.Epigr.14.13;ἑφθὰ καὶ ὀπτὰ [κρέα].. βρύκειν E. Cyc. 358
, cf. 372; ; bite, βρύκουσ' ἀπέδεσθαι.. τοὺς δακτύλους biting, Id.Av.26; of smoke, ὀδὰξ ἔβρυκετὰς λήμας ἐμοῦ Id.Lys. 301
; later, simply, devour, consume, Nic.Al. 489, al.; βρύξας, of the sea, is perh. f.l. for βρόξας in AP7.624 (Diod.): metaph., tear in pieces, devour, of a gnawing disease, (lyr.);βρύκει γὰρ ἅπαν τὸ παρόν Cratin.58
;τὰ πατρῷα βρύκει Diph. 43.27
:—[voice] Pass.,ἀπόλωλα, τέκνον, βρύκομαι S.Ph. 745
;βρυχθεὶς ἁλί AP9.267
(Phil.).II gnash or grind the teeth,τοὺς ὀδόντας βρύχει Hp.Mul.1.7
, etc., cf. AP15.51 (Arch.);τὸ στόμα β. Babr.95.45
;β. τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπί τινα Act.Ap.7.54
; also βρύχει alone, Hp. Mul.2.120; also intr., οἱ ὀδόντες βρύχουσι ib.1.36;βρῦκον στόμα Nic. Al. 226
, cf. Th. 207, al.:—[voice] Med.,βρύχονται Hp.Morb.Sacr.1
(prob.). -
5 βρύχω
+ V 0-0-0-5-0=5 Ps 34(35),16; 36(37),12; 111(112),10; Jb 16,9; Lam 2,16to gnash, to grind (the teeth) [τι]→TWNT -
6 μυλιάω
A gnash or grind the teeth, only in [dialect] Ep. part., λυγρὸν μυλιόωντες (with [pron. full] ῡ metri gr.), Hes.Op. 530 ( μαλκιόωντες, i.e. μαλκίοντες, Crates Gramm.). -
7 μύλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `handmill, mill, (Od.), (the nether) millstone', metaph. `molar' (LXX), `knee-cap, hard formation in a woman's womb' (Hp., Arist.).Other forms: hell. a. late also μύλος m. (LXX, NT, Str.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2,58)Compounds: Compp., e.g. μυλο-ειδής `as a millstone' (H 270), μυλή-φατος `ground by a mill' (β 355, A. R., Lyc.; after ἀρηΐ-φατος a.o.; diff. Chantraine Sprache 1, 145); χειρο-μύλη `handmill' (X.), also - μυλος ( Edict. Diocl.), - μυλον (Cass. Fel.; cf. on βούτυρον); dimin. - μύλιον (Dsc., pap.).Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. μύλαξ, - ακος m. `millstone, big rounded stone' (M161, AP, Opp.), cf. λίθαξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379). 2. From this with ρ-suffix μύλακρος m. `millstone' (Alcm.), pl. = γομφίοι ὀδόντες (H.); f. - ακρίς, - ίδος as attr. of λᾶας `millstone' (Alex. Aet.), as subst. `cockroach', also (influenced by ἀκρίς) `locust' (Ar. Fr. 583, Poll.); also - αβρίς `id.' (Pl. Com., Poll.; prob. after ἁβρός, ἅβρα), - ηθρίς `id.' (Poll.). 3. μυλών, - ῶνος m. `millhouse, mill' (Att.) with - ωνικός `miller' (pap.), - ώνιον dimin. (gloss.). 4. μυλωθρός m. `miller' (Att., Arist.); on the formation which is not quite clear cf. Chantraine Form. 373; from this - ωθρίς f. `milleress' name of a comedy of Eubulos; - ωθρικός `belonging to a miller' (Plu.), - ωθρέω `grind' (Men.); backformation - ωθρον = μυλών (Phot.)?; also - ωθριαῖοι adjunct of καλυπ-τῆρες (= `roof-tiles'?; Delos IIa, reading uncertain); beside it μυλωρός `miller' (Aesop., Poll.), after πυλωρός a.o. 5. μυλάριον dimin. `small handmill' (pap.). 6. μυλεύς m. surn. of Zeus as keeper of mills (Lyc.; Bosshardt 67). 7. μυλίας m. ( λίθος) `millstone, stone, from which millstones were made' (Pl., Arist., Str.; Chantraine Form. 96). 8. μυλίτης m. ( λίθος, ὀδούς) `millstone, molar' (Gal.). 9. Μυλόεις ποταμὸς Άρκαδίας H.; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2. 233. -- B. Adj., all rare and late: 1. μύλ-ιος `belonging to a mill' (Procop.); 2. μυλ-ικός `id.' (Ev. Luk., Gal.); 3. - ινος `consisting of millstones' (Smyrna); 4. - αῖος `working in a mill' (AP), - αῖον n. `handmill' (pap.); 5. - ιαῖοι ὀδόντες `molars' (medic.); 6. - όεις `consisting of a millstone, belonging to a mill' (Nic., Nonn.); 7. - ητικη ἔμπλαστρος `remedy for toothache' (Gal.). -- C. Verbs, all rare. 1. μυλιάω only in ptc. μῡλιόωντες `gnashing with the teeth' (Hes. Op. 530; on - ιάω Schwyzer 732); 2. μυλόομαι `be hardened, cicatrized' (Hp.). -- On itself stands μύλλω = βινέω (Theoc. 4,58) with μυλ(λ)άς f. `whore' (Phot., Suid.), μυλλός m. `cake in the form of the pudenda muliebria' (Ath. 14, 647 a; Sicilian).Etymology: The primary verbal noun μύλη (accent as e.g. μάχη) with the secondarily arising μύλος (after λίθος or ὄνος ἀλέτης?) like the primary yot-present μύλλω deviate through the υ-vowel from the other cognate words for `grind', which show an e: o-vocalism: Celt., OIr. melim, Slav., e.g. OCS meljǫ (IE * mel-); Germ., e.g. Goth. malan, Lith. malù, Hitt. 3. sg. mallai (IE * mol-); Lat. molō, on itself ambiguous, prob. from * melō like OIr. melim. In μυλ- we must assume a zero- [or reduced] grade variant (ml̥-; mel-?) (Schwyzer 351). With μύλλω from *ml̥-i̯ō agree in Germ. OHG muljan, OWNo. mylia `crush'; on the meaning s. below, on the υ -vowel cf. φύλλον against Lat. folium. A weak grade appears also in Welsh malu `grind', as well as in Arm. malem `crush'. An u-vowel could also be found in the reduplicated Arm. ml-ml-em `rub'; (it could however also be drived from lengthened grade mēl- or mōl). The technical meaning `grind' might have been specialized from the general `rub'. As verbal noun μύλη has in Greek the character of an archaism, while μύλλω, which was degraded to an obscene meaning, was further replaced by the also old ἀλέω (s.v. and Porzig Gliederung 156), which was limited to the eastern languages. -- On itself stands μάλευρον (s.v.); remarkable and\/but suspect is the e-vowel of Myc. mereuro `meal' and meretirija `milleresses'. -- More forms in WP. 2, 284ff., Pok. 716f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. molō, Fraenkel Wb. s. málti.Page in Frisk: 2,268-270Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύλη
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8 βρύχω
βρύχω impf. ἔβρυχον; fut. 3 sg. βρύξει; 1 aor. 3 sg. ἔβρυξεν LXX to grind one’s teeth, gnash, a sign of violent rage (Theodor. Prodr. 5, 49 H.) τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπʼ αὐτόν they gnashed their teeth against him Ac 7:54 (cp. Lex. Vind. p. 34, 5 βρύχει τ. ὀδόντας ἄνθρωπος, βρυχᾶται δὲ λέων=humans gnash their teeth, lions roar; Job 16:9; Ps 34:16; 36:12; SibOr 2, 203; Hippocr., 8 p. 16 [Mul. 1, 2], Epid. 5, 86 and other medical wr. [Hobart 208] of chattering of the teeth in chills and fevers). The expression may also be intended as metaph. become enraged (so NRSV with others, unless the translators are thinking in terms of functional equivalence).—Frisk. -
9 ὀδούς
ὀδούς, ὀδόντος, ὁ (Hom.+; pap, LXX; PsSol 13:3; TestSol; ApcEsdr 4:30 p. 29, 6 Tdf.; ApcMos; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 197; Just., D. 57, 2) tooth Rv 9:8 (cp. Jo 1:6). διʼ ὀδόντων θηρίων ἀλήθεσθαι be ground by the teeth of wild beasts IRo 4:1. W. ὀφθαλμός Mt 5:38 (Ex 21:24). τρίζειν τοὺς ὀδ. grind one’s teeth Mk 9:18. Also βρύχειν τοὺς ὀδ. ἐπί τινα (s. βρύχω) Ac 7:54. From this, βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδ. gnashing or grinding of teeth (w. κλαυθμός), only in connection w. the tortures of hell Mt 8:12; 13:42, 50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30; Lk 13:28 (s. βρυγμός).—B. 231. DELG s.v. ὀδών. M-M. -
10 λεαίνω
A ; [dialect] Ep.λειᾰνέω Il.15.261
: [tense] aor. 1ἐλέηνα Hdt.1.200
, Nic.Fr.70.15, - ᾱνα Arist.GA 788b31,ἐλείανα IG12.372E11
,373.174; [dialect] Ep. ἐλείηνα, λείηνα, Il.4.111, Od.8.260:—[voice] Med., Muson.Fr.18 B p.101 H.: [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor. :—[voice] Pass., Pl.Plt. 270e: [tense] aor.ἐλεάνθην Dsc.3.158
, S.E.P.1.130; [dialect] Ion.subj.λειανθέωσι Hp.Mul.2.168
; part.λειανθείς Gp.11.13.2
, Philotim. ap. Orib.4.10.1: [tense] pf.inf.λελειάνθαι Thphr.Fr.30.2
, Ph.2.510; part.λελεασμένος Damocr.
ap. Gal.13.989, Dsc.5.75, Dieuch. ap. Orib.4.6.2, Porph.Abst.4.7,λελειασμένος Ph.1.302
:—smooth, polish, of a worker in horn or stone,πᾶν δ' εὖ λειήνας Il.4.111
, cf. IGll.cc.; ἵπποισι κέλευθον πᾶσαν λειανέω I will smooth the way, Il.15.261;λείηναν δὲ χορόν Od.8.260
,λ. τὰ τραχυνθέντα Pl. Ti. 66c
; λ. τὰ κηρία, of bees, Arist.HA 625b19:—[voice] Pass.,λεαινόμενοι τὰ σώματα Theopomp.Hist.195
.2 triturate, pound in a mortar, Hdt.l.c.; grind down (of the teeth), X.Mem.1.4.6, Arist.Ph. 198b26, HA 501b31, Nic.Th.95, Ph.1.63:—[voice] Med., grind small, Nic.Th. 646:— [voice] Pass., Philotim. ap. Orib. l.c.b generally, crush, extirpate,τὰ φυόμενα Hdt.4.122
.3 smooth away,τὰς τῶν σκυτῶν ῥυτίδας Pl. Smp. 191a
, cf. Plt.l.c. ([voice] Pass.): metaph., smooth or soften down,τὸν Μαρδονίον λόγον Hdt.8.142
;τὸ ἐπίχολον λ. τῷ ὕπνῳ Philostr.Im.2.11
; polish style, D.H.Comp.16: metaph., also, λ. τὴν κατάποσιν tickle the palate, Muson.l.c.;τὴν ἀκοήν D.H.Comp.12
: abs., [ὁ χυλὸς] λεαίνει lubricates, soothes, Thphr.CP6.2.1.II intr., to be smooth, Arist.Pr. 936a15. -
11 γόμφος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: γομφίος ( ὀδών) `grinder-tooth' (Ion.-Att.), γομφίτης `kind of styrax' (Aët.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70), γομφάριον fish name (Sch.). - Denom. γομφόομαι, - όω `fasten with bolt or nails' (A.) with γόμφωσις (Gal.), γόμφωμα `frame-work, peg' (Plu.); γομφωτήρ `shipbuilder' (AP), γομφωτήριον `tenon' (Delos IIIa); γομφωτικη τέχνη `shipbuilding' (Pl.). - γομφιάζω `have toothache, gnash the teeth' (LXX) with γομφιασμός (LXX) and γομφίασις (Dsc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [369] *ǵembh-, ǵombhos `bite; cutting tooth'Etymology: Old word for `tooth', prob. `cutting tooth': Skt. jámbha-, Alb. dhëmb, OCS zǫbъ, Latv. zùobs, Toch. A kam, B keme; cf. κόμβους ὀδόντας γομφίους H. (Illyrian? Krahe IF 60, 297). With metaph. meaning, e. g. OHG kamb `comb', and Lith. žam̃bas `sharp side'. - On the deviant meaning in Greek (from the use of the cutting teeth as pegs) s. Porzig Gliederung 184f. - Verbs in Skt. iterative jambháyati `grind'; and Lith. žembiù, žem̃bti `cut', OCS zębǫ `tear up'; on the meanings see Narten KZ 79 (1965) 255ff..Page in Frisk: 1,319-320Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γόμφος
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12 πρίω
πρίω [(A)] (later πρίζω, πριόω, qq. v.), imper.A , Ar.Ra. 927: [tense] impf. ἔπῑον ([etym.] ἐξ-) Th.7.25 : [tense] aor.ἔπῑσα Hp.VC14
, Th.4.100: [tense] pf. πέπρῑκα ([etym.] ἐμ-) D.S.17.92:—[voice] Med., Babr.28.8, Luc.DMeretr.12.2:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.πρισθήσομαι Aen.Tact.19
: [tense] aor.ἐπρίσθην Hp.Epid.5.16
, 27: [tense] pf.πέπρισμαι Id.VC15
, Dsc.4.65, ([etym.] δια-) Pl.Smp. 193a, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Ar. Pax 1135 (dub.):—saw, π. δίχα saw asunder, Th.4.100;π. τὸν ἐλέφαντα Luc.Hist.Conscr.51
: abs., prob. in Ar.V. 694:—[voice] Pass.,κέρατα ὅταν πρισθῇ Plu.2.953b
;χειρὸς.. πριομένης
cut, abraded,Opp.
H. 3.315.2 in surgery, trephine, Hp.VC12, al., Epid.II.cc.II π. ὀδόντας grind or gnash the teeth, in disease, Hp.Prog.3; esp. with rage,μὴ πρῖε τοὺς ὀδ. Ar.Ra. 927
;τὰς σιαγόνας πρίων Babr.96.3
:—[voice] Med., Luc.DMeretr.12.2.2 generally, bite,ὀδόντι πρῖε τὸ στόμα S. Fr. 897
; [ἀμίαι] πρίουσι Opp.H.2.575
: metaph.,θυμὸν ὀδὰξ πρίοντες Id.C.4.139
; ἐπί οἱ πρῖεν χόλον gnashed fury against him, A.R.4.1671:—[voice] Pass., to be irritated, provoked, τινι by or at a thing,πριομένα κάλλει Γανυμήδεος AP9.77
(Antip. Thess.);ἔνδοθεν δὲ πρίεται Men.902
; but μὴ πρίου is prob. f.l. for μὴ πρήθου (cj. Bgk.) in Babr. 28.8.III seize as with the teeth, grip, bind fast, , cf.ἐκ 1.6
. [[pron. full] ῑ: [pron. full] ῐ only in later Poets,ἀπέπρῐσε AP11.14
(Ammian.).]------------------------------------πρίω [(B)], imper. of ἐπριάμην,A v. Πρίαμαι. -
13 ἀλήθω
ἀλήθω (Hippocr.; Theophr. 4, 12, 13; Diod S 3, 13, 2; POxy 908, 26; 34 [II A.D.]; PGM 4, 3097; LXX; Jos., Ant. 3, 270 and Is 47:2 [1 aor. ἤλεσα] use ἀλέω, which acc. to Phryn. p. 151 Lob. is Att. for ἀλήθω; DELG s.v. ἀλέω) grind ἐν τῷ μύλῳ (Num 11:8 impf. ἤληθον) with the hand-mill Mt 24:41 (on the ptc. s. HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 13, ’49, 12–16). Also ἀ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό g. at the same place since the mills are usu. operated by two women Lk 17:35. Used fig. of martyrdom by Ign., who would like to be ground as God’s wheat by the teeth of wild beasts IRo 4:1.—B. 362. -
14 ἀραβέω
A rattle, ring, Hom. (mostly in Il.), always of armour, , al.; of the teeth, gnash, Theoc.22.126;ἀραβεῖ δ' ἁ γνάθος Epich.21.2
. -
15 λεπτύνω
V 0-5-3-11-0=19 2 Sm 22,43; 2 Kgs 23,6.15; 2 Chr 23,17; 34,4to grind to powder, to break to pieces [τι] 2 Chr 23,17; to bite (in pieces), to crush [τι] (of teeth) DnTh 7,7 ἐλέπτυνεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τέλος he reduced them to powder, he pulverized them completely DnTh 2,34; ὡς πηλὸν ἐξόδων ἐλέπτυνα αὐτούς I beat them fine as the mud of the street 2 Sm 22,43*Jer 31(48),12 λεπτυνοῦσι they shall break to pieces-ידקו ⋄דקק for MT יריקו ⋄ריק they shall empty;*Ps 28(29),6 καὶ λεπτυνεῖ αὐτάς and he will grind them to powder, and he will beat them fine-וידקם⋄דקק for MT וירקידם ⋄רקד he makes them skip about
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grind — [[t]gra͟ɪnd[/t]] grinds, grinding, ground 1) VERB If you grind a substance such as corn, you crush it between two hard surfaces or with a machine until it becomes a fine powder. [V n] Store the peppercorns in an airtight container and grind the… … English dictionary
grind — grind1 [ graınd ] (past tense and past participle ground [ graund ] ) verb ** 1. ) grind or grind up transitive to break something into very small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces: The mill was used … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
grind — 1 verb past tense and past participle ground, 1 INTO SMALL PIECES (T) a) also grind up (T) to break something such as corn or coffee beans into small pieces or powder, either in a machine or between two hard surfaces b) AmE to cut food,… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
grind — [c]/graɪnd / (say gruynd) verb (ground or, Rare, grinded, grinding) –verb (t) 1. to wear, smooth, or sharpen by friction; whet: to grind a lens; to grind an axe. 2. to reduce to fine particles as by pounding or crushing; bray, triturate, or… …
grind — {{11}}grind (n.) late 12c., gnashing the teeth, from GRIND (Cf. grind) (v.). The sense steady, hard work first recorded 1851 in college student slang (but Cf. gerund grinder, 1710); the meaning hard working student is American English slang from… … Etymology dictionary